Text field
用户可以在文本框内输入或编辑文字。
用户可以通过文本框在界面中输入文本。 通常,我们会在表单域和对话框中使用它们。
基础文本框
TextField
包装器组件是一个完整的表单控件,它包括了标签、输入和帮助文本。 It comes with three variants: outlined (default), filled, and standard.
友情提示: Material 设计指南不再记录 TextField
的 standard 布局,(原因见此),但是 Material-UI 会继续支持此布局。
Form props 表单的属性
该组件支持标准的表单属性,例如 required
、disabled
、type
以及helperText
等,用于提供字段输入的上下文,例如输入的使用方式。
校验
The error
prop toggles the error state. The helperText
prop can then be used to provide feedback to the user about the error.
多行属性
The multiline
prop transforms the text field into a TextareaAutosize element. Unless the rows
prop is set, the height of the text field dynamically matches its content (using TextareaAutosize). You can use the minRows
and maxRows
props to bound it.
Select 选择属性
The select
prop makes the text field use the Select component internally.
修饰输入框
一个主流的方法是使用 InputAdornment
组件。 This can be used to add a prefix, a suffix, or an action to an input. 例如,可以用一个图标按钮来隐藏或者显示输入框里的密码。 例如,可以用一个图标按钮来隐藏或者显示输入框里的密码。
kg
kg
Weight
$
kg
kg
Weight
$
kg
kg
Weight
$
filled
变体的输入高度可以通过在外部渲染标签来降低。
Margin
The margin
prop can be used to alter the vertical spacing of the text field. Using none
(default) doesn't apply margins to the FormControl
whereas dense
and normal
do.
Components 组件
TextField
is composed of smaller components ( FormControl
, Input
, FilledInput
, InputLabel
, OutlinedInput
, and FormHelperText
) that you can leverage directly to significantly customize your form inputs.
您可能注意到了, 和原生的 HTML input 组件相比,TextField
组件缺失了一些属性。 这是故意为之的。 The component takes care of the most used properties. Then, it's up to the user to use the underlying component shown in the following demo. Still, you can use inputProps
(and InputProps
, InputLabelProps
properties) if you want to avoid some boilerplate.
自定义输入
你可以参考以下一些例子来自定义组件。 You can learn more about this in the overrides documentation page.
Customization does not stop at CSS. You can use composition to build custom components and give your app a unique feel. Below is an example using the InputBase
component, inspired by Google Maps.
🎨 If you are looking for inspiration, you can check MUI Treasury's customization examples.
useFormControl
For advanced customization use cases, a useFormControl()
hook is exposed. This hook returns the context value of the parent FormControl
component.
API
import { useFormControl } from '@mui/material/FormControl';
返回结果
value
(object):
value.adornedStart
(bool): Indicate whether the childInput
orSelect
component has a start adornment.value.setAdornedStart
(func): Setter function foradornedStart
state value.value.color
(string): The theme color is being used, inherited fromFormControl
color
prop .value.disabled
(bool): Indicate whether the component is being displayed in a disabled state, inherited fromFormControl
disabled
prop.value.error
(bool): Indicate whether the component is being displayed in an error state, inherited fromFormControl
error
propvalue.filled
(bool): Indicate whether input is filledvalue.focused
(bool): Indicate whether the component and its children are being displayed in a focused statevalue.fullWidth
(bool): Indicate whether the component is taking up the full width of its container, inherited fromFormControl
fullWidth
propvalue.hiddenLabel
(bool): Indicate whether the label is being hidden, inherited fromFormControl
hiddenLabel
propvalue.required
(bool): Indicate whether the label is indicating that the input is required input, inherited from theFormControl
required
propvalue.size
(string): The size of the component, inherited from theFormControl
size
propvalue.variant
(string): The variant is being used by theFormControl
component and its children, inherited fromFormControl
variant
propvalue.onBlur
(func): Should be called when the input is blurredvalue.onFocus
(func): Should be called when the input is focusedvalue.onEmpty
(func): Should be called when the input is emptiedvalue.onFilled
(func): Should be called when the input is filled
示例
设计局限
缩放
输入框标签的 "shrink" 状态并不总是正确的。 输入标签应在输入框显示内容的时候立即收缩。 在某些情况下,我们无法确定输入框的 "shrink" 状态 (如数字输入、日期时间输入、条带输入)。 这样一来,有可能出现重叠的现象。
若要解决此问题,您可以在输入框的标签上强制赋予 "shrink" 状态。
<TextField InputLabelProps={{ shrink: true }} />
或
<InputLabel shrink>计数</InputLabel>
悬浮的标签
The floating label is absolutely positioned. It won't impact the layout of the page. Make sure that the input is larger than the label to display correctly.
type="number"
type="number" 的输入存在潜在的可用性问题。
- Allowing certain non-numeric characters ('e', '+', '-', '.') and silently discarding others
- 滚动增加/减少数字的功能可能会导致意外和难以察觉的变化。
有关该话题的更多信息 - 请参阅 GOV.UK 设计系统团队的 这篇文章,来了解更详细的解释。
对于数字验证,一个可行的替代方法是使用默认的 type="text" 和 pattern 属性,例如:
<TextField inputProps={{ inputMode: 'numeric', pattern: '[0-9]*' }} />
以后我们可能会提供 数字(number)输入组件。
辅助文本
助手文本属性会影响文本框的高度。 如果两个文本框并排放置,一个有辅助文本,另一个没有,那么它们的高度就会不同。 例如:
Please enter your name
This can be fixed by passing a space character to the helperText
prop:
Please enter your name
与第三方 input 库的整合
您可以使用第三方库来格式化您的输入框。 只要确保在整合的时候,您提供了一个带有 inputComponent
属性的自定义 <input>
元素。
下面的演示使用 react-text-mask 和 react-number-format 这两个基本库。 同样的概念可以适用于 这个例子:react-stripe-element。
第三方所提供的输入组件应该暴露一个 ref,其值实现以下接口:
interface InputElement {
focus(): void;
value?: string;
}
const MyInputComponent = React.forwardRef((props, ref) => {
const { component: Component, ...other } = props;
// 实现 `InputElement` 接口
React.useImperativeHandle(ref, () => ({
focus: () => {
// 在这里提供第三方组件的聚焦(focus)渲染方法
},
// 隐藏值,例如 react-stripe-elements
}));
// `Component` 将会是下面例子中的 `SomeThirdPartyComponent`
return <Component {...other} />;
});
// 使用
<TextField
InputProps={{
inputComponent: MyInputComponent,
inputProps: {
component: SomeThirdPartyComponent,
},
}}
/>;
无障碍设计
为了确保您的文本框可提供无障碍访问,输入框必须和标签以及帮助文本连在一起调用。 而且,深层的 DOM 节点应该遵循这个结构。
<div class="form-control">
<label for="my-input">电子邮件</label>
<input id="my-input" aria-describedby="my-helper-text" />
<span id="my-helper-text">我们绝不会分享您的邮件地址。 </span>
</div>
- If you are using the
TextField
component, you just have to provide a uniqueid
unless you're using theTextField
only client side. Until the UI is hydratedTextField
without an explicitid
will not have associated labels. - If you are composing the component:
<FormControl>
<InputLabel htmlFor="my-input">电子邮件</InputLabel>
<Input id="my-input" aria-describedby="my-helper-text" />
<FormHelperText id="my-helper-text">我们绝不会分享您的邮件地址。 </FormHelperText>
</FormControl>
补充项目
For more advanced use cases, you might be able to take advantage of:
- react-hook-form:用于表单验证的 React 钩子。
- react-hook-form-mui: MUI and react-hook-form combined.
- formik-material-ui: Bindings for using MUI with formik.
- redux-form-material-ui: Bindings for using MUI with Redux Form.
- mui-rff: Bindings for using MUI with React Final Form.
- @ui-schema/ds-material Bindings for using Material UI with UI Schema. JSON Schema compatible.
- @data-driven-forms/mui-component-mapper: Bindings for using Material UI with Data Driven Forms.
Unstyled
The component also comes with an unstyled version. It's ideal for doing heavy customizations and minimizing bundle size.